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| july 2004 1 m9999-072004 mic79110 micrel mic79110 simple 1.2a linear li-ion battery charger general description the micrel mic79110 is a simple and accurate lithium ion battery charger. featuring a built-in pass transistor, precision programmable current limiting ( 5%), and precision voltage termination ( 1.5% over temperature) all in a very small package, the mic79110 packs full functionality into a small space. other features of the mic79110 include two independent end-of-charge indications, including a digital indication that is programmable with a resistor-to-ground and an analog cur- rent output that is proportional to the output current, allowing for monitoring of the actual charging current. additional features include very low dropout (500mv over the tempera- ture range), thermal shutdown, and reverse polarity protec- tion. in the event the input voltage to the charger is discon- nected, the mic79110 also provides minimal reverse-current and reversed-battery protection. available in both fixed 4.2v and adjustable outputs, the mic79110 is offered in the leadless 3mm x 3mm mlf-10 with an operating junction temperature range of ?0?c to +125?c. typical application vin sd reoc rset bat sns deoc achg gnd mic79110 4.2v li-ion cell 10k ? v in shutdown enable 4k ? 1k ? 167 ? 4.2v bat micrel, inc. ?1849 fortune drive ?san jose, ca 95131 ?usa ?tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 ?fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 ?http://www.mic rel.com features input voltage range: 2.5v to 16v high output voltage accuracy of 0.75% over ? c to +60?c and 1.5% over temperature current limit 5% accurate from ? c tj + 125 c programmable end-of-charge flag analog output proportional to output current adjustable and fixed 4.2v output low dropout voltage of 500mv at 700ma load, over temperature 1.2a output current excellent line and load regulation specifications reverse current and reverse battery protection thermal shutdown and current limit protection tiny 3mm 3mm mlf -10 package junction temperature range: ?0 c to +125 c applications cellular phones pdas digital cameras camcorders mp3 players notebook pcs portable meters cradle chargers car chargers battery packs mlf and micro leadframe is a trademark of amkor technology.
mic79110 micrel micxxxx/xxxx x-2 draft rev m/03-a month 2003 ordering information part number voltage marking junction temp. range package mic79110-4.2bml 4.2v l942 ?0 c to +125 c 10-lead 3mm 3mm mlf MIC79110BML adj l9aa ?0 c to +125 c 10-lead 3mm 3mm mlf pin configuration pin description pin number pin name pin function 1 sd shutdown input. logic high = off; logic low = on 2r set current limit: sets constant current limit threshold via an external resistor to ground. ir set = (0.2v/r set ) 1000 3 sns (fixed voltage only): sense output, connect directly to battery 3 adj (adjustable voltage only): feedback input. 4 bat battery terminal. connect to single-cell lithium-ion battery. 5, 6 v in input supply pin. 7a chg analog charge indicator output: current source output equal to 1/1000th of the output current. 8d eoc digital end-of-charge output: n-ch open drain output. low indicates charging, a current that is higher than the programmed current set by r eoc is charging the battery. when the current drops to less than the current set by r eoc , the output goes high impedance, indicating end-of-charge. 9r eoc end-of-charge set: sets end-of-charge current threshold via an external resistor to ground. i eoc = (0.2v/r eoc ) 1000 10 gnd ground vin vin 5 1 sd rset sns bat 10 gnd reoc deoc achg 9 8 7 2 3 4 6 vin vin 5 1 sd rset adj bat 10 gnd reoc deoc achg 9 8 7 2 3 4 6 3mm x 3mm fixed output 3mm x 3mm adjustable output july 2004 3 m9999-072004 mic79110 micrel absolute maximum ratings (1) input supply voltage (v in ) .................................. 0v to 18v shutdown input voltage (v) ................................ 0v to 18v output voltage (adj) .................................................... 10v power dissipation .................................... internally limited junction temperature .............................. ?0 c to +125 c operating ratings (2) input supply voltage ........................................ 2.5v to 16v shutdown input voltage (v) .................................. 0v to 7v output voltage (adj) ................................................... 9.6v junction temperature range (t j ) ........... ?0 c to +125 c ja (mlf -10) ........................................................ 60 c jc (mlf -10) ......................................................... 2 c electrical characteristics t a = 25 c with v in = v out + 1v; i load = 100 a ; c batt = 10 f; sd = 0v; r set =1k ? . bold values indicate ?0? < t j < +125 c; unless otherwise specified. parameter condition min typ max unit output voltage accuracy variation from v out = 4.2v; t j = ? c to +60 c; i load = 50ma ?.75 +0.75 % ?.5 +1.5 % adj pin voltage accuracy 0.5955 0.6 0.6045 v line regulation v in = vout + 1v to 16v @ i load = 50ma ?.1 +0.1 %/v load regulation i load = 0.1ma to 1a 0.3 % dropout voltage (3) i load = 100ma, rset = 167 ? 160 250 mv i load = 700ma, rset = 167 ? 375 550 mv ground current i load = 10ma, rset = 167 ? 23ma i load = 700ma, rset = 167 ? 24 35 ma v in pin current sd = v in 120 300 a shutdown pin current sd = 5.2v, v bat = 0 0.1 5 a shutdown input threshold logic high, regulator off 1.1 v logic low, regulator on 0.9 v shutdown hysteresis 60 mv current limit accuracy (4, 5) v out = 0.9 v nom ; i out = 1.2a, ? +5 % r set = 167 ? , t j = ?0 c to +85 c v out = 0.9 v nom ; i out = 0.1a, ?0 +20 % r set = 2k ? current limit setpoint range (5) 0.1 1.2 a maximum current limit r set shorted to ground, v bat = 0.9 v nom 1.25 1.65 2.5 a v bat reverse current v in = high impedance or ground 4.2 20 a digital end?f?harge (d eoc ) output i eoc (6, 7) r eoc = 4kw current falling 35 50 65 ma 30 70 ma i eoc (6, 7) r eoc = 4kw current rising 50 70 95 ma 40 100 ma d eoc logic?ow voltage i deoc = 5ma, i bat = 700ma 0.74 0.95 v d eoc leakage current logic high = v in = 16v 0.1 a d eoc on resistance v in = +5v 150 190 ? r eoc maximum current limit r eoc shorted to ground 0.5 1.0 2.0 ma analog charge indicator (a chg ) output i source (8) i bat = 50ma 45 46 55 a i bat = 1.2a, t j = ?0 c to +85 c 800 950 1150 a notes: 1. exceeding the absolute maximum rating may damage the device. 2. the device is not guaranteed to function outside its operating rating. mic79110 micrel m9999-072004 4 july 2004 block diagram v in sd r set v ref bat d eoc gnd a chg r eoc sns current limit set thermal shutdown end of charge detect + current limit sense mic79110 block diagram 3. dropout voltage is defined as the input to output differential at which the output voltage drops 2% below its nominal value mea sured at 1v differential. for outputs below 2.5v, dropout voltage is the input-to-output voltage differential with the minimum input voltage 2.5v. minimu m input operating voltage is 2.5v. 4. vnom denotes the nominal output voltage. 5. ir set = (0.2v/r set ) * 1000 6. output current i eoc when digital end-of-charge output goes high impedance. currents greater than i eoc , the d eoc output is low, currents lower than i eoc , d eoc is high impedance. 7. i eoc = (0.2v/r eoc ) * 1000 8. i source is the current output from a chg pin. a resistor to ground from the a chg pin will program a voltage that is proportional to the output current. july 2004 5 m9999-072004 mic79110 micrel 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ground current (ma) temperature (oc) ground current vs. temperature i set = 1.2a 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 battery voltage (v) battery current (a) battery current vs. battery voltage r set = 165k ? dropout characteristics i bat = 0a i bat = 1.2a 0 -10 -20 -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 0.1 1 10 100 1000 psrr (db) frequency (khz) psrr 50ma 0ma 250ma 500ma v in = v out +1v v out = 4.2v 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 ground current (ma) temperature (c) ground current vs. temperature i bat = 0a 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 ground current (ma) battery current (ma) battery current vs. ground current 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 accuracy (%) temperature (?) battery voltage vs. temperature i bat =0a v out = 4.2v 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 012345 ground current (ma) supply voltage (v) ground current vs. supply voltage i bat =0a 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 012345 ground current (ma) supply voltage (v) ground current vs. supply voltage i bat =1.2a 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 dropout voltage (mv) battery current (a) dropout voltage v out =4.2v 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 dropout voltage (mv) temperature (c) dropout voltage vs. temperature i bat =0a 0.90 0.95 1.00 1.05 1.10 1.15 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 shutdown (v) temperature (c) shutdown threshold vs. temperature mic79110 micrel m9999-072004 6 july 2004 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 battery voltage (v) battery current (ma) battery current vs. battery voltage r set = 2k ? v in = v out +1v v out = 4.2v 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 0.50 battery current (a) r set (k ? ) battery current vs. r set v in = v out +1v v out = 4.2v 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 d eoc threshold (ma) r eoc (k?) d threshold eoc vs. r eoc 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 012345678910 reverse current ( a) battery voltage (v) reverse current vs. battery voltage v in =0v v rset =0v 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 hysteresis (mv) temperature (c) d eoc hysteresis 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 -5 5 1525354555 battery current (a) temperature (c) battery current r set = 40 ? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 reverse battery current (a) temperature (c) reverse battery curren vs. temperature t july 2004 7 m9999-072004 mic79110 micrel time (20s/div.) output voltage (500mv/div) input voltage (5v/div) v in = 3.6v line transient v in =3.6v 16v 5v time (100 s/div.) output voltage (200mv/div) load current (500ma/div) v in = 3.6v load transient v in =3.6v 1.2a 100 a time (100 s/div.) shutdown (2v/div) vbat (1v/div) shutdown transient time (200s/div.) battery switch (1v/div) ibat (500ma/div) battery current enable transient mic79110 micrel m9999-072004 8 july 2004 application information detailed description the mic79110 forms a complete charger for 1-cell lithium- ion batteries. it includes precision voltage control (0.75% over temperature) to optimize both cell performance and cycle life. all are compatible with common 4.2v lithium-ion chemistries. voltages other than 4.2v can be obtained with the adjustable version. other features include current limit, end-of-charge flag and end-of-charge current limit using an external resistor. the shutdown pin enables low quiescent current when not charging. current limit mode mic79110 features an internal current limit that is set by the rset pin with a resistor-to-ground. the maximum current is calculated by the following equation: ir set = (0.2/r set ) 1000 using a 167 ? r set resistor will achieve the maximum current limit for the mic79110 at 1.2 amperes. end of charge reoc pin is connected to a resistor-to-ground. this resistor is used to set the end of charge current for the lithium ion battery as follows: ir eoc = (0.2/r eoc ) 1000 using a 4k ? r eoc resistor will set the end-of-charge current at 50ma. ireoc should be set at 10% of the battery? rated current. digital end-of charge output this pin is the output of an open drain. when tied high to the supply using a resistor, the output will toggle high or low depending on the output current of ibat. - low state indicates that the ibat current is higher than the programmed current set by reoc. - high state indicates that the ibat current is lower than the programmed current set by reoc. the output goes high impedance indicating end-of- charge. analog-end-of-charge output the achg pin provides a small current that is proportional to the charge current. the ratio is set at 1/1000 th of the output current. shutdown the sd pin serves as a logic input (active low) to enable the charger. built-in hysteresis for the shutdown pin is 50mv over tem- perature. reverse polarity protection in the event that v bat > v in and the shutdown pin is active low, there is reverse battery current protection built in. the current is limited to less than 10 a over temperature. constant output voltage/current charging the mic79110 features constant voltage and constant cur- rent output to correctly charge lithium-ion batteries. the constant voltage is either 4.2v or adjustable. the constant current is set by the rset pin and is constant down to around 300mv. since rset can be set below 500ma, the minimum output current is set at 500ma for output voltages below 100mv. this minimum voltage starts the charging process in lithium-ion batteries. if the output current is too low, the battery will not begin charge. i current i current 500ma 0.7v i max = (0.2/r set ) 1000 standard v-i curve mic79110 v-i curve standard v-i curve mic79110 v-i curve lithium ion batteries lithium-ion batteries are charged in two stages to reach full capacity. the first stage charges the battery with maximum charge current until 90% of the battery cell? voltage limit is reached. the second stage tops off the charge with constant voltage charge as the charge current slowly decreases. end of charge is reached when the current is less than 3% of the rated current. a third stage will occasionally top off with charge with constant voltage charge if the battery voltage drops below a certain threshold. 1.25/5 charge current voltage/cell 1.00/4 0.75/3 0.50/2 0.25/1 12 time (hrs) stage 1 max. charge current is applied until the cell voltage limit is reached stage 2 max. cell voltage is reached charge current starts to drop as full charge is approached stage 3 occasional topping charge about 1 per 500h current voltage (a/v) 3 terminate charge when current < 3% of rated current .... .... all lithium-ion batteries take approximately 3 hours to charge with the second stage taking twice as long as the first stage. some chargers claim to be fast chargers by skipping the second stage and just charges the battery until the cell voltage is reached. this only charges the battery to 70% july 2004 9 m9999-072004 mic79110 micrel capacity. an increase in the charge current during stage 1 does not shorten the total charge time. it will only shorten the time for stage 1 to complete and lengthen the time in stage 2. the lithium-ion loses charge due to aging whether it is used or not. do not store the batteries at full charge and high heat because it will accelerate the aging process. try and store with 40% charge and in a cool environment. lithium-ion safety precautions every lithium ion battery pack should have a safety board which monitors the charge and discharge of the pack and prevents dangerous occurrences. the specifications of these safety boards are dictated by the cell manufacturer and may include the following: reverse polarity protection charge temperature must not be charged when temperature is lower than 0 c or above 45 c. 0 start charging lithium-ion battery shutdown pin deoc flag is low continue charge charging monitor ibat deoc flag is high stop charge battery charging stop charge end of charge ibat stop charge current limit ieoc mic79110 micrel m9999-072004 10 july 2004 simple charger - external trigger to reset charge cycle reset 200 ? 2k ? sd vin rset vsense vbat vin gnd reoc deoc achg 1m ? c delay 0.1 f reset charge cycle. the v in voltage steps up to a voltage greater than v bat . when vin is below vbat, the ibat current is near zero and the reverse shutoff circuit is turning the charge to the battery off. the i bat slowly increases as v in rises above v bat . d eoc is pulled low when the ibat current is above the ieoc current set by r eoc . when the d eoc is low, the shutdown pin is also forced low and helps discharge c sd . when the v bat reaches the set voltage, the ibat begins to slowly drop. when the ibat is less than the i eoc threshold, the d eoc output goes high impedance, indicating end-of-charge. when an external sig- nal is applied to the gate, the external n ch pulls the sd and deoc pins to ground. this restarts the charging process. external trigger to reset charge cycle reset 1 - v in steps up to a voltage greater than v bat . 2 - sd held low by c sd until active high d eoc pulls shutdown low. 3 - deoc releases sd, resistor pull-up from sd pin'vo v in pulls v sd to v in . 4 - an external signal applied to the gate of the external n ch pulls sd pin-to-ground. 5 - ibattery is near zero (2 to 4 a) because v in is below v bat and the reverse shutoff circuit is turn- ing the charge to the battery off. 6 - i bat is decreased as v bat approaches v bat set voltage. i bat decreases below the d eoc threshold and d eoc is released high allowing v sd to go high 7 - external n ch turns part on, after a small delay i bat turns on. 8 - active high deoc pin goes high because of reverse shutoff. d eoc remains high until i bat ex- ceeds d eoc threshold, then goes low. 9 - i bat decreases below (see #5) d eoc threshold. 10 - active low d eoc is high because v in is below v bat and reverse shutoff holds d eoc comparator off. as v in increases above v bat , the reverse voltage shutoff turns off, d eoc comparator be- comes active. while i bat is below d eoc threshold d eoc active low goes low, when i bat exceeds d eoc threshold i bat goes high. 11 - legitimate activation of active low d eoc until sd shuts down part and d eoc al (active low) goes high. vin vsd vbat set voltage vbat sd threshold 2 2 1 vgate 4 5 6 3 ibattery 7 8 active high deoc pin 9 10 active low deoc pin 9 july 2004 11 m9999-072004 mic79110 micrel auto top off charger - application circuit r 2 r 1 3m 1m li-ion battery 200 ohms 2k ? sd vin rset vsense vbat vin gnd reoc deoc achg v in lithium-ion batteries will begin to lose their charge over time. the mic79110 can be configured to automatically recharge the battery if the voltage drops below a certain voltage. this minimum voltage is set by a resistor divider at the battery and connected to the sd pin. when the battery voltage falls below the minimum voltage, the sd pin is pulled low to start the normal charging process. 4.2 v v bat min deoc trip battery charging v s i battery v battery v bat min =0.975v ( r1 r2 +1 ) r 2 =1meg r 1 = ( v bat min 0.975 -1 ) 1 r 2 self discharge 4 1 2 3 vbat set (4.2v) vbat low set by divider. vbat sd voltage 1 - sd not held low by active high d eoc because deoc comparator? inputs do not common-mode to ground. divider holds sd low so part can start. 2 - sd held low by divider 3 - sd held low by active high deoc 4 - divider voltage above sd threshold and d eoc open 5 - divider voltage drops below sd threshold and charging begins again. top-off-charger with internal reset - application circuit r 2 r 1 3meg 1meg li-ion battery 200 ohms 2k ? sd vin rset vsense vbat vin gnd reoc deoc achg v in this circuit is similar to the auto top off charger circuit mentioned above except that the deoc pin is externally triggered to restart the charging cycle. it still uses the same resistor divider to set the minimum battery voltage before the lithium-ion needs to be recharged. auto-shutdown using shutdown pin gnd v out v bat c out sd v in v in r1 r2 c in the shutdown pin on the mic79110 can be used to automati- cally shutdown the battery charger when the input voltage rises above a safe operating voltage. to keep the part from heating up and entering thermal shutdown, we can connect the shutdown pin to v in using a resistor divider. use the following equation to setup the maximum v in . v max v r r 1 in sd 1 2 () =+ the mic79110 can be connected to a wall wart with a rectified dc voltage and protected from over voltages at the input. mic79110 micrel m9999-072004 12 july 2004 package information micrel, inc. 1849 fortune drive san jose, ca 95131 usa tel + 1 (408) 944-0800 fax + 1 (408) 474-1000 web http://www.micrel.com the information furnished by micrel in this data sheet is believed to be accurate and reliable. however, no responsibility is a ssumed by micrel for its use. micrel reserves the right to change circuitry and specifications at any time without notification to the customer. micrel products are not designed or authorized for use as components in life support appliances, devices or systems where malfu nction of a product can reasonably be expected to result in personal injury. life support devices or systems are devices or systems that (a) are intend ed for surgical implant into the body or (b) support or sustain life, and whose failure to perform can be reasonably expected to result in a significant inj ury to the user. a purchaser? use or sale of micrel products for use in life support appliances, devices or systems is at purchaser? own risk and purchaser agrees to fully indemnify micrel for any damages resulting from such use or sale. ?2004 micrel, incorporated. 0.20 dia 0.48 typ. 3.00 bsc. 1.50 bsc. pin 1 id 0.85 3.00 bsc. top bottom odd terminal side even terminal side terminal tip terminal tip 1.50 bsc. 1 2 3 1 2 3 ?0.05 +0.15 0.01 5.0 0.50 bsc. 0.50 bsc. 0.50 bsc. ?0.01 +0.04 0.23 ?0.05 +0.07 0.23 ?0.05 +0.07 0.01 ?0.01 +0.04 0.40 ?0.05 +0.15 1.60 ?0.15 +0.15 0.80 ?0.15 +0.15 2.30 ?0.1 5 +0.15 1.15 ?0.15 +0.15 seating plane |
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